Our research deals with the challenge 1 of the Spanish Strategy for Science and Technology and for Innovation: “Health, demographic change and wellbeing”. The main goal is to improve our understanding of vascular ageing, both in healthy and pathological conditions, like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vascular ageing is associated with complex vascular structural and functional changes. It represents a crucial process for the health status of elderly people and the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are extremely prevalent and closely related diseases, so that the term “diabesity” has been coined. Diabesity is among the highest health and socioeconomic challenge in Western countries, especially due to cardiovascular complications. Epidemiological studies indicate that these patients have reduced life expectancy, in close relation to the development of diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Diabesity is also considered an age-related disease, as well as a progeric entity, sharing similar cellular and molecular mechanisms than the age-induced vascular dysfunction. Understanding the pathways involved in vascular damage and premature ageing associated to diabesity should help to delay vascular complications. Furthermore, preservation of vascular function in ageing should not only reduce deaths and disabilities secondary to cardiovascular events but should attenuate other negative aspects of the ageing process that lead to loss of function and/or disability, such as motor capacity and cognitive frailty. Indeed, it seems now quite evident that robustness in advanced age cannot be achieved without preservation of vascular function.